{"id":11372,"date":"2022-06-16T03:03:09","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T00:03:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurcaloglu.com\/?post_type=aeen_case_study&p=11372"},"modified":"2022-09-22T05:57:38","modified_gmt":"2022-09-22T02:57:38","slug":"ceza-yargilanmasinda-ifade-ve-sorgu-nedir","status":"publish","type":"aeen_case_study","link":"https:\/\/kurcaloglu.com\/en\/yazilar\/ceza-yargilanmasinda-ifade-ve-sorgu-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Ceza Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131nda \u0130fade ve Sorgu Nedir ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Ceza Yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda \u0130fade ve Sorgu Nedir ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ceza Hukuku\u2019nda \u015f\u00fcphelinin ya da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyanlar\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 faaliyetinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayn\u0131 zamanda savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli ceza muhakemesi i\u015flemlerinden biridir. Bu nedenle ifade alma ve sorgu, baz\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerle birlikte haklar\u0131 da i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130fade \u0130le Sorgu Aras\u0131ndaki Fark Nedir?<\/b><\/h4>\n

Soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda savc\u0131l\u0131k veya ilgili kolluk (polis, jandarma, sahil g\u00fcvenlik) taraf\u0131ndan, s\u00f6z konusu olayla ilgili \u015f\u00fcphelinin beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemini ifade eder. Sorgu ise mutlak suretle bir hakim taraf\u0131ndan, mahkeme nezdinde yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130fade ve sorguyu ay\u0131ran en temel budur.<\/p>\n

\u0130fade alma ve sorgu \u015f\u00fcpheli\/san\u0131k i\u00e7in hem haklar\u0131n hem de y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin bulundu\u011fu bir faaliyettir. \u015e\u00fcphelinin yakalama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 ve tutuklama koruma tedbirlerinden birine ba\u015fvurularak veya bu tedbirlere hi\u00e7 ba\u015fvurulmadan do\u011frudan soru\u015fturma organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131p ifade vermesi i\u00e7in gelmesi istenebilir. \u015e\u00fcpheli ifade vermesi i\u00e7in kolluk veya cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011finde bu ki\u015fiye derhal haklar\u0131 anlat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve hakk\u0131ndaki su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcpheli bu andan sonra art\u0131k m\u00fcdafisiz (avukats\u0131z) ifade verip vermeyece\u011fine karar vermeli, e\u011fer m\u00fcdafi istemiyorsa bu durumun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kabul etmelidir.<\/p>\n

Sorgu s\u0131ras\u0131nda da san\u0131\u011fa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z haklar anlat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131 uyularak sorgusu tamamlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sulh ceza hakimi veya g\u00f6revli ve yetkili mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan sorguda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131na riayet edilmeli, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 susma hakk\u0131 ikrar olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemeli ve delil elde etmek amac\u0131yla Kanunda say\u0131lan yasak usullere ba\u015fvurulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcpheli ve San\u0131k Nedir?<\/h4>\n
  –\u015e\u00fcpheli <\/b>\u2013 soru\u015fturma evresinde, su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015fiye denir. Soru\u015fturma evresi, ki\u015fiye su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi ile ba\u015flar.<\/div>\n
–San\u0131k <\/b>\u2013  soru\u015fturma neticesinde savc\u0131n\u0131n iddianame ile dava a\u00e7\u0131p mahkemede kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015fiyi ifade eder.<\/div>\n
K\u0131saca, ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi varsa soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheli, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda san\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
 <\/h5>\n

\u0130fade S\u0131ras\u0131nda Avukat\u0131n Haz\u0131r Bulunmas\u0131 Nedir?<\/h4>\n
 \u0130lgili kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evrelerinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda avukat\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, ifade alma veya sorgu s\u00fcresince yan\u0131nda olma ve hukuki yard\u0131mda bulunma hakk\u0131 engellenemez, k\u0131s\u0131tlanamaz denmektedir.<\/div>\n
Kollu\u011fun, haz\u0131r bir m\u00fcdafi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda \u015f\u00fcphelinin ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131na ba\u015flamama veya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fsa ifadeye son verme konusunda y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphelinin yan\u0131nda m\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r oluncaya kadar devam eder.<\/div>\n
Yine Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununa g\u00f6re: \u201cM\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kolluk\u00e7a al\u0131nan ifade, hakim veya mahkeme huzurunda \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frulanmad\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namaz\u201d denmektedir.<\/div>\n
\u0130fadeye veya sorguya \u015f\u00fcphelinin yan\u0131nda olma ve hukuki yard\u0131mda bulunmak amac\u0131yla kat\u0131lan m\u00fcdafinin  yetkisi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunup korunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takip etmekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa aktif olarak hukuki yard\u0131mda bulunmak, bunun i\u00e7in de \u015f\u00fcpheliyi veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131 zor durumda b\u0131rakacak durumlara kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak ve gerekli \u00f6nemleri almak da bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/div>\n
M\u00fcdafinin  yetkisi ifade ve sorgu s\u0131ras\u0131nda temsil etti\u011fi \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa aktif hukuki yard\u0131mda bulunmay\u0131 kapsamakla birlikte, bu yard\u0131m onun yerine sorulara ve su\u00e7lamalara cevap vermeyi kapsamaz. Yani m\u00fcdafinin hukuki yard\u0131m\u0131, maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellememelidir.<\/div>\n
Fakat avukat, sorulan bir soruya kar\u015f\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi ki\u015fiyle \u00f6zel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeyi talep edebilir, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir konuda ki\u015fiyi uyarabilir, onu ifade ve sorgu s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u0131smen y\u00f6nlendirebilir, sorulara itiraz edebilir ve susma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir.<\/div>\n
Her hukuki konuda oldu\u011fu gibi bu konuda da takibi gerekli hususlar\u0131n ve ince detaylar\u0131n atlanmadan, somut ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde avukatlar taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/div>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak; \u0130fadeye veya sorguya \u015f\u00fcphelinin yan\u0131nda olma ve hukuki yard\u0131mda bulunmak amac\u0131yla kat\u0131lan m\u00fcdafinin yetki ve sorumlulu\u011fu; sadece bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunup korunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na nezaret etmek de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda, aktif olarak \u015f\u00fcpheliye veya san\u0131\u011fa hukuki yard\u0131mda bulunmak, bunun i\u00e7in de \u015f\u00fcpheliyi veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131 zor durumda b\u0131rakacak durumlara kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak ve gerekli \u00f6nemleri almakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n

 <\/h4>\n

Soru\u015fturmada Sorguya veya \u0130fade Vermeye \u00c7a\u011f\u0131rma Nedir?<\/h4>\n

Soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden ilgili Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 sorumludur. Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 emrindeki polis ve jandarma g\u00f6revlileri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla soru\u015fturmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcterek t\u00fcm delilleri toplar. Su\u00e7ta kullan\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u00e7, raporlar, beyanlar, \u015fikayet\u00e7i, \u015f\u00fcpheli ve tan\u0131k ifadeleri ve soru\u015fturmayla ilgili di\u011fer her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delil kolluk (polis veya jandarma) taraf\u0131ndan toplan\u0131r.
Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri, su\u00e7 i\u015flendi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir \u015f\u00fcpheyle yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015fileri veya uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 tedbirleri Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na bildirmek zorundad\u0131r. Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131ndan talimat almadan ifade alma veya di\u011fer karakol i\u015flemlerini yapamazlar.
Adl\u00ee kolluk g\u00f6revlileri, el koyduklar\u0131 olaylar\u0131, yakalanan ki\u015filer ile uygulanan tedbirleri emrinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na derh\u00e2l bildirmek ve bu Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n adliyeye ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn emirlerini gecikmeksizin yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, adl\u00ee kolluk g\u00f6revlilerine emirleri yaz\u0131l\u0131; acele h\u00e2llerde, s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak verir. (CMK m.161\/2-3).
\u015e\u00fcpheliyi ifade vermeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma, \u015f\u00fcphelinin \u00f6ncelikle emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, jandarmaya, polis merkezine veya savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa davet edilmesi suretiyle olur. \u0130fadesi al\u0131nacak ki\u015fi davetiye ile \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r; \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan ki\u015fiye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lma nedeni a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilir; gelmezse zorla getirilece\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131r (CMK m.145). Uygulamada polis PVSK m.15 gere\u011fi ilgilileri daha \u00e7ok telefon ile \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 almaktad\u0131r. Zorla getirme yetkisi, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilecek bir yetkidir. Kolluk soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n karar\u0131 olmadan m\u00fc\u015fteki veya \u015f\u00fcpheli hakk\u0131nda ifade almak \u00fczere zorla getirme i\u015flemi uygulayamaz. Ancak, jandarma Jandarma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nin 36. maddesi gere\u011fi savc\u0131n\u0131n zorla getirme karar\u0131 olmasa bile, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya ra\u011fmen gelmeyen \u015f\u00fcpheli, m\u00fc\u015fteki ve tan\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda zorla getirme i\u015flemi uygulayabilir. \u00d6zellikle belirtelim ki, \u015f\u00fcphelinin ayn\u0131 olayla ilgili olarak ikinci kez ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu i\u015flem ancak Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir, polis veya jandarma ifade alma i\u015flemi yapamaz (CMK m.148\/5).<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcpheli San\u0131\u011f\u0131n Zorla Getirilmesi Nedir?<\/h4>\n

Hakk\u0131nda tutuklama karar\u0131 verilmesi veya yakalama emri d\u00fczenlenmesi i\u00e7in yeterli nedenler bulunan veya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde gelmeyen \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n zorla getirilmesine karar verilebilir. Zorla getirme karar\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kim oldu\u011funu, kendisiyle ilgili su\u00e7u, gerekti\u011finde e\u015fk\u00e2lini ve zorla getirilmesi nedenlerini i\u00e7erir. Zorla getirme karar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011fa verilir.<\/p>\n

Zorla Tutulma S\u00fcresi ne kadar?<\/strong>
Zorla getirme karar\u0131 ile \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k derhal, olanak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yol s\u00fcresi hari\u00e7 en ge\u00e7 24 saat i\u00e7inde \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran h\u00e2kimin, mahkemenin veya Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve sorguya \u00e7ekilir veya ifadesi al\u0131n\u0131r.
Zorla Getirme Ne Zaman Ba\u015flar Ne Zaman Biter?<\/strong>
Zorla getirme, bunun i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecek bir zamanda ba\u015flar ve h\u00e2kim, mahkeme veya Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, sorguya \u00e7ekilmenin veya ifade alman\u0131n sonuna kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n

\u0130fade Al\u0131n\u0131rken ve Sorgu S\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015e\u00fcphelinin Haklar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/h4>\n

\u015e\u00fcphelinin genel olarak haklar\u0131 Ceza Muhakemeleri Kanunun 147. ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde \u00f6zetle s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:
\u2022 \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k, kimli\u011fine ili\u015fkin sorular\u0131 do\u011fru olarak cevapland\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\u2022 Kendisine y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Hakk\u0131ndaki su\u00e7 isnad\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen bir \u015f\u00fcpheli san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendini savunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle isnad\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesi ilkesi, ceza muhakemesinin temel ilkelerinden biri olup \u015f\u00fcpheli san\u0131\u011fa kendini savunma imkan\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcpheliye bu hak tan\u0131nmaz ise, iddian\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda savunmaya yer verilmemi\u015f, \u00e7eli\u015fme y\u00f6ntemi uygulanmam\u0131\u015f ve nihayetinde adil bir yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f demektir. \u015e\u00fcpheli san\u0131\u011fa y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7, isnat edilen fiil, yer, zaman vs. bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ana hatlar\u0131yla anlat\u0131lmal\u0131, ki\u015fiye itham edilen konuyu savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilecek kadar s\u00fcre tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\u2022 Avukat (M\u00fcdafi) se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve onun hukuk\u00ee yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanabilece\u011fi, m\u00fcdafiin ifade veya sorgusunda haz\u0131r bulunabilece\u011fi, kendisine bildirilir.
\u2022 Yakalanan ki\u015finin yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan istedi\u011fine yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 derh\u00e2l bildirilir.
\u2022 Y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131n (susma hakk\u0131) kanun\u00ee hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Susma hakk\u0131, ki\u015filerin kendilerini cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na sebebiyet verecek a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmamalar\u0131 yahut bu nitelikte sorulara cevap vermemeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015f olan genel nitelikte bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n susma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131, su\u00e7u kabul etti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez ve susma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n aleyhine \u201cdelil karinesi\u201d veya \u201csu\u00e7luluk karinesi\u201d olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc susman\u0131n san\u0131k aleyhine delil olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi adil yarg\u0131lanma ve hukuk devleti ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olur. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisini savunma yollar\u0131ndan birisi de susmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in susma hakk\u0131 bir kural olarak kabul edilmelidir.
\u2022 \u015e\u00fcpheden kurtulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in somut delillerin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilece\u011fi hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131r ve kendisi aleyhine var olan \u015f\u00fcphe nedenlerini ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve lehine olan hususlar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmek olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcpheli san\u0131\u011f\u0131n soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda delil g\u00f6sterme ve bu delillerin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\u2022 \u0130fade verenin veya sorguya \u00e7ekilenin ki\u015fisel ve ekonomik durumu hakk\u0131nda bilgi al\u0131n\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011fa ki\u015fisel ve ekonomik durumu, ifade alma veya sorguya \u00e7ekme i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce kendilerine sorulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015fisel ve ekonomik duruma ili\u015fkin verilen bilgiler, mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirme kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.
\u2022 \u0130fade ve sorgu i\u015flemlerinin kayd\u0131nda, teknik imk\u00e2nlardan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.
\u2022 \u0130fade veya sorgu bir tutana\u011fa ba\u011flan\u0131r. ifade verme i\u015flemi nerede yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olursa olsun (emniyet-polis, jandarma veya savc\u0131l\u0131k) ifade i\u015flemi tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tutanak ifadeyi alan, ifadeyi yazan ve ifadesi al\u0131nan taraf\u0131ndan imzalanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tutana\u011f\u0131n bir sureti mutlaka ifadesi al\u0131nan ki\u015fiye verilmelidir.
\u2022 \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k, soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda bir veya birden fazla m\u00fcdafiin yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanabilir. Soru\u015fturma safhas\u0131nda en \u00e7ok 3 m\u00fcdafii olabilir
\u2022 Soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evrelerinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda avukat\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, ifade alma veya sorgu s\u00fcresince yan\u0131nda olma ve hukuk\u00ee yard\u0131mda bulunma hakk\u0131 engellenemez, k\u0131s\u0131tlanamaz.
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n en temel haklar\u0131 \u00f6zetle susma hakk\u0131, m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m hakk\u0131, lehine olan delilleri toplama hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Bu haklar \u015f\u00fcphelinin su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesini kendi \u00fczerinden kalkmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Zira, \u015f\u00fcpheli san\u0131k kendisine y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f bir beyanda bulundu\u011fu ve bu beyan\u0131 tutana\u011fa ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde kendisi ad\u0131na bir su\u00e7 ikrar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi gibi, daha sonra bu beyan\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nmesi ve hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmesi zor baz\u0131 hallerde imkans\u0131z olabilmektedir. Bu t\u00fcrden durumlar \u015f\u00fcpheli hakk\u0131nda tutukluluk hali ile devam\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle \u015f\u00fcphelinin kendi haklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmesi ve bu haklar\u0131 bilerek soru\u015fturma evresinde hareket etmesi son derece faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130fade Almada ve Sorguda Yasak Y\u00f6ntemler Nelerdir ?<\/h4>\n

\u00dclkemizde 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 148. maddesi, \u201c\u0130fade Alma ve Sorguda Yasak Usuller\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyan\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu engelleyici nitelikte k\u00f6t\u00fc davranma, i\u015fkence, il\u00e2\u00e7 verme, yorma, aldatma, cebir veya tehditte bulunma, baz\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanma gibi bedensel veya ruhsal m\u00fcdahaleler yap\u0131lamaz\u201d \u015feklindedir (CMK m.148\/1).
\u201cYasak usullerle elde edilen ifadeler r\u0131za ile verilmi\u015f olsa da delil olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. Avukat haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kolluk\u00e7a al\u0131nan ifade, h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme huzurunda \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frulanmad\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namaz \u201c(CMK m.148\/3-4).
\u2022 K\u00f6t\u00fc Davranma: \u015e\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beyan\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fc davranma ki\u015finin ruhsal veya bedensel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fc davranma, belli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u00fcreklilik kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya sistematik bir hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fkence su\u00e7u olarak kabul edilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda bulunan \u015f\u00fcpheliye polis taraf\u0131ndan su veya yemek verilmemesi, tuvalet veya birtak\u0131m ba\u015fkaca ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na m\u00fcsaade edilmemesi, s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flarla bask\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc davranma olarak kabul edilir.
\u2022 \u0130\u015fkence: \u0130\u015fkence sistematik ve belli bir s\u00fcrece yay\u0131lan fiillerle kamu g\u00f6revlisinin bir ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 insan onuruyla ba\u011fda\u015fmayan ve bedensel veya ruhsal y\u00f6nden ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmesine, alg\u0131lama veya irade yetene\u011finin etkilenmesine, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir kimseyi sistematik olarak uyan\u0131k tutarak uykusuz b\u0131rakmak i\u015fkence olarak kabul edilir. \u0130\u015fkence, ki\u015finin en temel de\u011feri olan insanl\u0131k onuruna bir sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve insan\u0131 ki\u015filiksiz hale getiren, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma duygusu veren, ki\u015finin, insan olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan dokunulmaz, vazge\u00e7ilmez de\u011ferlerini ihlal eden bir muameledir. \u0130\u015fkence Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 17. maddesince yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2022 \u0130la\u00e7 Verme: \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011fa sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verecek veya irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyecek \u015fekilde ila\u00e7 verilemez. \u0130la\u00e7 verme kavram\u0131ndan, \u015f\u00fcpheli san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, bedeni veya ruhi durumuna etki yapan ve irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne zarar veren maddeler anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kat\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131, gaz \u015feklindeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc maddenin insan v\u00fccuduna verilmesidir. Bunlar\u0131n yutturulmas\u0131, yiyecek veya i\u00e7eceklere kat\u0131larak verilmesi, solunum, \u015f\u0131r\u0131nga yada ovma yoluyla verilmesi veya v\u00fccudun a\u00e7\u0131k bir yerinden v\u00fccuda s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir fark yoktur. Bu maddelerden ilk akla gelenler; sarho\u015f edici, uyu\u015fturucu direnme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flat\u0131c\u0131, uyku verici veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7 ve benzerleridir. \u0130la\u00e7, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesini bir\u00e7ok \u015fekilde etkileyebilir. T\u00fcm hallerde \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesini etkilemeye d\u00f6n\u00fck bu davran\u0131\u015flar yasak sorgu y\u00f6ntemi olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisi de alkol veya uyu\u015fturucu madde alarak, irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131smen veya tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olabilir ve \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bu durumda yap\u0131lan ifade alma veya sorgu da, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\u2022 Yorma: Yorma, bedeni yorgunluk ve bitkinli\u011fin iradeyi zay\u0131flatmas\u0131 ve bu \u015fekilde \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne zarar verilmesidir. \u0130fade verme veya sorguya \u00e7ekilmeden \u00f6nce bedensel veya ruhsal olarak \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoracak kas\u0131tl\u0131 hareketler \u201cyorma\u201d kapsam\u0131nda yasak sorgu y\u00f6ntemi olarak kabul edilecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, baz\u0131 emniyet birimlerinde ifade alma i\u015flemlerine gecenin ge\u00e7 saatlerinde ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 ki\u015finin ifadesinin tamamlanmadan ifade alma i\u015fleminin sabah vardiyas\u0131nda g\u00f6revli polislere devredilmesi, bu \u015fekilde ki\u015finin uzun s\u00fcre ifade verme nedeniyle yorulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00f6z konusu emniyet ifadesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\u2022 Aldatma: Aldatma, ifade alan\u0131n veya sorgulayan\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesini ortadan kald\u0131ran veya \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine zarar veren hileli davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Aldatma, yasak ifade ve sorgu usulleri aras\u0131nda en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan\u0131 ve uygulamada s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesinde en \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekilenidir. Aldatma ger\u00e7ekte olmayan vak\u0131alar\u0131 var gibi g\u00f6stererek, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu hukuki veya fiili durum hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru olmayan bilgiler verilerek, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n belli konuda iradesinin \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fmas\u0131na engel olmakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011fa i\u015fledi\u011fi fiilin cezas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu, istedikleri ifadeyi verdi\u011fi takdirde cezan\u0131n azalaca\u011f\u0131, kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacaklar\u0131 \u015feklindeki telkin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup aldatma kapsam\u0131nda bir yasak ifade ve sorgu y\u00f6ntemidir. \u015e\u00fcpheliyi ifade esnas\u0131nda bilin\u00e7li \u015fekilde yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sokmak ve \u015f\u00fcpheliye belirli ifadeleri verme amac\u0131yla aldatma amac\u0131na varacak seviyede kuvvetli telkinlerde bulunmak yasakt\u0131r.
\u2022 Cebir veya Tehditte Bulunma: \u0130fadeyi alan\u0131n veya sorgulayan\u0131n, \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011fa cebir veya tehditte bulunmas\u0131, Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nun 148.maddesi anlam\u0131nda ifade alma ve sorguda uygulanmas\u0131 yasak olan bir usuld\u00fcr. Cebir; fiziki kuvvet kullanarak \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n belli bir davran\u0131\u015fta bulunmaya zorlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tehdit; meydana gelmesi ifadeyi alan veya sorguya \u00e7eken \u00fczerinde etkili olan ki\u015finin iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 gelecekte muhtemelen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecekmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterilmesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, uygun bir ikrar veya ifade vermedi\u011fi takdirde \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ailesinin zarar g\u00f6rece\u011fi \u015feklindeki bir beyan tehdit niteli\u011findedir.
\u2022 Baz\u0131 Ara\u00e7 ve Tekniklerin Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131: Yalan makinesi (poligraf) ve hipnoz uygulamalar\u0131 bu kapsamda hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Yalan makinesinin insanl\u0131k onuruna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131, hipnoz uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ise k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma ihtimalleri bulunmas\u0131 sebepleriyle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cT.C.
YARGITAY
6. CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130
ESAS NO: 2010\/30146
KARAR NO: 2011\/6501
KARAR TAR\u0130H\u0130: 05.05.2011
\u00d6ZET: T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 38\/6 maddesi uyar\u0131nca Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak elde edilmi\u015f bulgular, delil olarak kabul edilemez h\u00fckm\u00fc ile 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK.nun 148\/. ve 5. f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alan M\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kolluk\u00e7a al\u0131nan ifade, h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme huzurunda \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frulanmad\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namaz ve \u015f\u00fcphelinin ayn\u0131 olayla ilgili olarak yeniden ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu i\u015flem ancak Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir, h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fkaca kesin, yeterli, inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve hukuki kan\u0131tlarla desteklenmeyen kolluk anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckme esas al\u0131narak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lardan beraat\u0131 yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d
(5271 s. Ceza Muhakemesi K m. 148, 253)<\/p>\n

\u201cYARGITAY \u0130LAMI
YEREL MAHKEMECE verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm temyiz edilmekle; ba\u015fvurunun nitelik, ceza t\u00fcr\u00fc, s\u00fcresi ve su\u00e7 tarihine g\u00f6re dosya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:
Di\u011fer temyiz itirazlar\u0131 YER\u0130NDE G\u00d6R\u00dcLMEM\u0130\u015eT\u0130R.
Ancak;
1- San\u0131k N. \u00d6.\u2019n\u00fcn kollukta savunman\u0131 olmadan al\u0131nan 02.11.2007 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ilk ifadesinde at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi, ayn\u0131 san\u0131\u011f\u0131n gene kollukta savunman\u0131 olmadan al\u0131nan 28.11.2007 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ikinci ifadesinde ise h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve i\u015f yeri dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozmak su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fine dair detayl\u0131 anlat\u0131mda bulundu\u011fu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu eylem nedeniyle C. Savc\u0131s\u0131nca ifadesinin al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tutuklama istemli olarak Sulh Ceza Mahkemesi\u2019ne sevk edildi\u011fi, 29.11.2007 g\u00fcnl\u00fc Zonguldak 1. Sulh Ceza Mahkemesi\u2019ndeki sorgusunda ise at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi, kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Zonguldak 2. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesi\u2019nin 08.01.2008 g\u00fcnl\u00fc celsesinde al\u0131nan savunmas\u0131nda at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi ve dosyada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fine dair kollukta savunman\u0131 bulunmadan al\u0131nan ikinci ifadesindeki ikrar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da kesin, yeterli, inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve hukuki bir kan\u0131t bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 4709 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla de\u011fi\u015fik 38\/6 maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u201cKanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak elde edilmi\u015f bulgular, delil olarak kabul edilemez.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcyle 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK.nun 148\/4. ve 5 inci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda yer alan \u201cM\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n kolluk\u00e7a al\u0131nan ifade, hakim veya mahkeme huzurunda \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frulanmad\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namaz.\u201d ve \u201c\u015e\u00fcphelinin ayn\u0131 olayla ilgili olarak yeniden ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu i\u015flem ancak Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir.\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fkaca kesin, yeterli, inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve hukuki kan\u0131tlarla desteklenmeyen kolluk anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckme esas al\u0131narak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lardan beraati yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi,
2- San\u0131k M. T. y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise di\u011fer san\u0131k N. \u00d6.\u2019n\u00fcn yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan ve hukuken bir de\u011fer kazanmayan ikrar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fine dair kesin, yeterli, inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve hukuki bir kan\u0131t bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7 e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almak su\u00e7undan beraati yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi,
Kabul ve uygulamaya g\u00f6re de;
3- San\u0131k N. \u00d6. \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fyeri dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozmak su\u00e7unun su\u00e7 tarihi itibariyle (5918 s. Kanunla de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nceki) 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK.nun 253 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi uyar\u0131nca uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda su\u00e7lardan oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilmeden uzla\u015fma usul\u00fc uygulanmadan yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131,
Bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015f, san\u0131k N. \u00d6. ile san\u0131k M. T. savunman\u0131n\u0131n temyiz itiraz\u0131 bu bak\u0131mdan yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fundan, h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle isteme ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak BOZULMASINA, bozma gerek\u00e7esine g\u00f6re de san\u0131k N. \u00d6.\u2019n\u00fcn TAHL\u0130YES\u0130NE, ba\u015fka bir su\u00e7tan tutuklu yada h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011filse derhal sal\u0131verilmesi i\u00e7in YARGITAY Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na 05.05.2011 tarihinde oy birli\u011fiyle karar verildi.\u201d
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