{"id":13809,"date":"2022-09-12T22:33:56","date_gmt":"2022-09-12T19:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurcaloglu.com\/?p=13809"},"modified":"2023-04-08T14:55:52","modified_gmt":"2023-04-08T11:55:52","slug":"yargitay-hgk-e-2017-1941-k-2019-475-anlasmali-bosanma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kurcaloglu.com\/fr\/yargitay-hgk-e-2017-1941-k-2019-475-anlasmali-bosanma\/","title":{"rendered":"Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E.2017\/1941, K.2019\/475\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E.2017\/1941, K.2019\/475;<\/span><\/p><\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E.2017\/1941, K.2019\/475<\/b><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Anla\u015fmal\u0131 Bo\u015fanma Karar\u0131 Verildikten Sonra\nH\u00fckm\u00fcn Kesinle\u015fmesine Kadar Daval\u0131 E\u015f,\nAnla\u015fmal\u0131 Bo\u015fanma \u0130radesinden (KARARINDAN) D\u00f6nebilir.<\/u>\n\n\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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YARGITAY Hukuk Genel Kurulu<\/b><\/h4>

Esas No: 2017\/1941<\/b><\/h4>

Karar No: 2019\/475<\/b><\/h4>

Karar Tarihi: 18.04.2019<\/b><\/h4>
\u00a0<\/b><\/div>
Taraflar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cbo\u015fanma\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda Malatya 1. Aile Mahkemesince davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne dair verilen 27.06.2014 tarih ve 2014\/444 E., 2014\/526 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar daval\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesinin 11.03.2015 tarih ve 2014\/19828 E., 2015\/4293 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile;<\/h5>
\u201c\u2026Taraflar T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 166\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015flar, h\u00fck\u00fcm daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir. Anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fan karar kesinle\u015finceye kadar e\u015flerin bu y\u00f6ndeki di\u011fer bir ifadeyle gerek bo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonu\u00e7lan, gerekse \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu hususunda kabul edilen d\u00fczenlemeleri kapsayan irade beyan\u0131ndan d\u00f6nmesini engelleyici yasal bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu halde anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u00e7eki\u015fmeli bo\u015fanma\u201d (TMK m. 166\/1-2) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekir.<\/h5>
A\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeple mahkemece taraflara iddia ve savunmalar\u0131n\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn vak\u0131alar\u0131n s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6zetlerini i\u00e7eren beyan ile iddia ve savunman\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen her bir vak\u0131an\u0131n ispat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak delillerini sunmak ve dilek\u00e7elerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 verilmesini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere s\u00fcre verilip \u00f6n inceleme yap\u0131larak tahkikata ge\u00e7ildikten sonra usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilen deliller toplanarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek sonucu uyar\u0131nca karar verilmek \u00fczere h\u00fckm\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131na karar vermek gerekmi\u015ftir\u2026.\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
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HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI\u200b<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u200b<\/h4>

Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki belgeler okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/h5>
Dava, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun (TMK) 166\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/h5>
Davac\u0131; daval\u0131 ile 04.06.2004 tarihinde evlendiklerini, aralar\u0131nda karakter farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar oldu\u011funu, evlilik birli\u011finin \u00e7ekilmez h\u00e2l ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, uzun zamand\u0131r ayr\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n da bo\u015fanmay\u0131 kabul etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek dava dilek\u00e7esine ekli protokol kapsam\u0131nda TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166\/3. maddesi gere\u011fi bo\u015fanmalar\u0131na ve protokol\u00fcn karar\u0131n eki say\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015f, 27.06.2014 tarihli duru\u015fmada al\u0131nan imzal\u0131 beyan\u0131nda taleplerini tekrar etmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
Daval\u0131 27.06.2014 tarihli duru\u015fmada al\u0131nan imzal\u0131 beyan\u0131nda; bo\u015fanmay\u0131 istedi\u011fini, davac\u0131n\u0131n taleplerini kabul etti\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
Mahkemece; taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanma konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131, bo\u015fanman\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fma yapt\u0131klar\u0131, yap\u0131lan anla\u015fman\u0131n hukuka uygun oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca bo\u015fanmalar\u0131na, vel\u00e2yetin anneye verilmesine, baba ile ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki tesisine, \u00e7ocuk yarar\u0131na 1.000,00TL tedbir ve i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131na, davac\u0131 ve m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun Yap\u0131 Kredi Ya\u015fam Sigortadaki paket sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131nda sigorta \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecek art\u0131\u015f fark\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 taraf\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na, m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocu\u011fun toplam 10.000,00TL olan \u00f6zel okul masraf\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde %30\u2019a kadar olan art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na, davac\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131n\u0131 kullanma talebinin feragat nedeni ile reddine, taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanmadan sonra birbirleri aleyhine mal rejiminin tasfiyesi ve katk\u0131 pay\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak dava a\u00e7mayacaklar\u0131n\u0131n tespitine, birbirlerinden maddi, manevi tazminat, tedbir, yoksulluk nafakas\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lama gideri talep etmediklerinden bu konuda karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
Daval\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine karar, \u00d6zel Dairece yukar\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/h5>
Yerel mahkemece; HMK\u2019n\u0131n 308. maddesinde davay\u0131 kabul beyan\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lamaya son veren taraf i\u015flemi olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi ve kabul\u00fcn mahkemenin muvafakatine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e tasarruf edebilecekleri davalarda h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furdu\u011fu, kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm gibi sonu\u00e7 do\u011furan feragat ve kabul beyan\u0131n\u0131n irade bozuklu\u011fu h\u00e2llerinde iptalinin istenebilece\u011fi, somut olayda da daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul s\u0131ras\u0131nda iradesinin fesada u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131nda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bozma karar\u0131n\u0131n da bu do\u011frultuda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksi durumun davay\u0131 uzatmak isteyen daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi belirterek direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
Direnme karar\u0131n\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili temyiz etmektedir.<\/h5>
Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, anla\u015fmal\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda, daval\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015fma iradesinden d\u00f6nmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, burada var\u0131lacak sonuca g\u00f6re anla\u015fmal\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7eki\u015fmeli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye devam edip etmeyece\u011fi noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/h5>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u00d6ncelikle, ilgili kanun maddesinin incelenmesinde yarar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/h5>
TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131nda; \u201cEvlilik en az bir y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ise, e\u015flerin birlikte ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 ya da bir e\u015fin di\u011ferinin davas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesi halinde, evlilik birli\u011fi temelinden sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu halde bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verilebilmesi i\u00e7in, hakimin taraflar\u0131 bizzat dinleyerek iradelerinin serbest\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirmesi ve bo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu hususunda taraflarca kabul edilecek d\u00fczenlemeyi uygun bulmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/h5>
Hakim, taraflar\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n menfaatlerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bu anla\u015fmada gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapabilir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin taraflarca da kabul\u00fc halinde bo\u015fanmaya h\u00fckmolunur. Bu halde taraflar\u0131n ikrarlar\u0131n\u0131n hakimi ba\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanmaz \u201d d\u00fczenlemesi yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/h5>
Uygulamada anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma ad\u0131 verilen ve yukar\u0131ya al\u0131nt\u0131lanan f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verilebilmesi i\u00e7in ilk ko\u015ful; evlilik birli\u011finin en az bir y\u0131l s\u00fcrmesidir. Aksi takdirde h\u00e2kim di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131 incelemeden bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 reddetmelidir.<\/h5>
\u0130kinci ko\u015ful, e\u015flerin mahkemeye birlikte ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 veya bir e\u015fin di\u011ferinin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesidir. Burada \u00f6nemli olan taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanma iradelerini ayn\u0131 anda ve duru\u015fmada h\u00e2kime beyan etmesidir.<\/h5>
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ko\u015ful, e\u015flerin iradelerini h\u00e2kime bizzat a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00e2kimin e\u015fleri dinleyerek serbest iradelerinin olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermesi gerekir. Madde h\u00fckm\u00fc, duru\u015fmada taraflar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131 ve tehditten uzak olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeleri ile beyanda bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131n denetlenmesini ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan h\u00e2kimin bu hususta her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermesi gerekmektedir (K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu A: Aile Hukuku, Ocak 2019, s.113).<\/h5>
Son ko\u015ful ise; anla\u015fmal\u0131 olarak bo\u015fanmak isteyen e\u015flerin bo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu hususunda da anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 ve buna ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeyi h\u00e2kimin onay\u0131na sunmalar\u0131 gerekir. Taraflar bu hususta mahkemeye bir protokol sunabilecekleri gibi, belirtilen t\u00fcm bu hususlarda mahkemeye s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak da beyanda bulunabilirler. Ancak ikinci durumda s\u00f6zl\u00fc beyan\u0131n zapta ge\u00e7irilmesi ve taraflarca imzalanmas\u0131 gerekir (Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk T: T\u00fcrk Medeni Hukuku Aile Hukuku, \u0130kinci Cilt, Ocak 2019, s.271).<\/h5>
\u201cBo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d ile kastedilen maddi ve manevi tazminat ile yoksulluk nafakas\u0131 talepleridir (TMK m. 174\/1-2; m. 175). \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n durumu\u201d ile kastedilen ise, ortak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n vel\u00e2yetinin kime verilece\u011fi, velayet verilmeyen e\u015f ile \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131nda kurulacak ki\u015fisel ili\u015fki ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek i\u015ftirak nafakas\u0131 ile ilgili d\u00fczenlemelerdir.<\/h5>
Madde metninden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bo\u015fanma, bo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemeler hakk\u0131nda taraflar\u0131n serbest iradelerinin uyu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmekte ise de, ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00e2kimin bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 onaylamas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/h5>
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, taraflar anla\u015fma konusunda tamamen \u00f6zg\u00fcr b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmayan anla\u015fmalar hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, taraflar\u0131n da kendilerine \u00f6nerilen de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kabul etmesi h\u00e2linde anla\u015fma ge\u00e7erli olacak ve bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verilebilecektir.<\/h5>
\u00d6nemle belirtilmelidir ki, taraflarca yap\u0131lan ve h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan anla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri infazda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 do\u011furmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcm f\u0131kras\u0131nda aynen yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. Anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanman\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde ana hatlar\u0131yla belirtildikten sonra uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cikrar\u201d ve \u201ckabul\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/h5>

\u00a0<\/p>

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK\u2019da, bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yarg\u0131lama kurallar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
\u015e\u00f6yle ki, 184. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (1) nolu bendinde h\u00e2kimin, bo\u015fanma veya ayr\u0131l\u0131k davas\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na vicdanen kanaat getirmedik\u00e7e, bunlar\u0131 ispatlanm\u0131\u015f sayamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve (3) numaral\u0131 bendinde ise taraflar\u0131n bu konudaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ikrarlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kimi ba\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u0130krar, bir taraf\u0131n, di\u011fer taraf\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vak\u0131an\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu bildirmesidir. \u0130krar\u0131n konusu ancak kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vak\u0131alar olabilir.<\/h5>
\u0130krar, tek tek vak\u0131alar hakk\u0131nda olup, talep sonucuna ili\u015fkin de\u011fildir. Bir taraf\u0131n talep sonucunun di\u011fer taraf\u00e7a kabul edilmesi, davay\u0131 sona erdiren bir taraf i\u015flemi olup davay\u0131 (kabul) ismini al\u0131r. Kabulde, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vak\u0131alara de\u011fil, onlardan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 talep sonucuna r\u0131za g\u00f6sterilmektedir (Kuru, B.\/Arslan, R.\/ Y\u0131lmaz, E.: Medeni Usul Hukuku Ders Kitab\u0131, Ankara 2013, s.366).<\/h5>
Kural olarak, bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131nda h\u00e2kim ikrarla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kabulle de ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu durum, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nda \u201cirade ilkesine\u201d dayanan bir bo\u015fanma sisteminin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc irade ilkesine g\u00f6re taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131 bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verilmesi i\u00e7in yeterlidir. TMK\u2019da ise kusur ilkesi, irade ilkesi ve evlilik birli\u011finin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 ilkeleri gibi tek tipten olu\u015fmayan karma bir sisteme yer verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Gen\u00e7can, \u00d6.U: Bo\u015fanma Tazminat ve Nafaka Hukuku, Ankara 2017, s.118).<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temelini te\u015fkil eden anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131 k\u0131smen irade ilkesinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalard\u0131r. Bu durum, maddede yer alan \u201cBu halde taraflar\u0131n ikrarlar\u0131n\u0131n hakimi ba\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanmaz\u201d c\u00fcmlesinden de anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Evlilik birli\u011finin kurulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iradelerine \u00f6nem verilen taraflar\u0131n bo\u015fanma konusunda da istek ve beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanman\u0131n gere\u011fidir. Ne var ki, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166\/3. maddesinde say\u0131lan di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n hepsinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi bir durumda daval\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesinin hi\u00e7bir anlam\u0131 yoktur.<\/h5>
Bu nedenledir ki, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc, Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 308. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201ckabul\u201d kavram\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. HMK\u2019n\u0131n 308. maddesi uyar\u0131nca davay\u0131 kabul, daval\u0131n\u0131n mahkemeye y\u00f6nelik olarak yapaca\u011f\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 bir irade beyan\u0131 ile olmakta ve dava konusu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k esastan sona ermektedir. Kabul\u00fcn ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi davac\u0131 veya mahkemenin kabul\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/h5>
Oysa anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131nda kabul, tek ba\u015f\u0131na davay\u0131 sona erdirmedi\u011fi gibi, TMK 166. maddenin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131; h\u00e2kimin bo\u015fanma iste\u011finin serbest iradeye dayan\u0131p dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptamas\u0131n\u0131 ve bo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlemeleri uygun bulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve uygun bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu d\u00fczenlemelere a\u00e7\u0131k m\u00fcdahalesini
aramaktad\u0131r.<\/h5>
\u00d6te yandan, usul hukuku anlam\u0131nda kabul, kesin h\u00fckm\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur ve ancak irade bozuklu\u011fu h\u00e2llerinde kabul\u00fcn iptali istenebilir (HMK m.311). Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla daval\u0131 irade fesad\u0131 h\u00e2lleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kabulden d\u00f6nemez. Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131nda ise \u201ckabul\u00fcn\u201d do\u011furdu\u011fu tek sonu\u00e7 evlilik birli\u011finin sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgusunun ispatland\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla mahkemece bu y\u00f6nde bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek yoktur ancak \u201cyal\u0131n kabul\u201d bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 vermeye yetmemektedir.<\/h5>
Bu nedenle, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166\/3. maddelerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir davada davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc \u015fekli ve maddi hukuk anlam\u0131nda h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesi sonucunu do\u011furmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesine kadar daval\u0131n\u0131n kabul beyan\u0131ndan d\u00f6nmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durumda anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finden s\u00f6z edilemez (\u00d6zdemir, N: T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Anla\u015fmal\u0131 Bo\u015fanma, Doktora Tezi, s.176-177; Gen\u00e7can, s.780).<\/h5>
Taraflardan birinin anla\u015fmadan d\u00f6nme iradesi davan\u0131n samimi bir iradenin mahs\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, h\u00e2kimin anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eder.<\/h5>
Esasen yap\u0131lan bu de\u011ferlendirmeler, T\u00fcrk toplumunun temeli olan ve e\u015fler aras\u0131nda e\u015fitli\u011fe dayanan aile kurumunun, 2709 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 41. maddesi ile \u00f6zel olarak g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Devlet ailenin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbiri al\u0131r ve bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131n\u0131n toplumu ilgilendiren yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle de \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri mahkemeler\/h\u00e2kimler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yerine getirir. Bu nedenle, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166\/3. maddesine dayal\u0131 davalarda da h\u00e2kim, bir yandan taraflar\u0131n ikrar\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131yken, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir denetim yetkisine sahiptir.<\/h5>
Buradan hareketle, genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere dayal\u0131 bir alacak davas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi davay\u0131 sona erdiren \u201ckabul\u201d beyan\u0131n\u0131n, toplumun temeli olan aile kurumu i\u00e7in de bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verme zorunlulu\u011fu getirdi\u011fi ve taraflar\u0131n da karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece bu kabul beyanlar\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir. Di\u011fer yandan anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda feragat hakk\u0131 bulunan davac\u0131ya bir nevi anla\u015fmay\u0131 bozma hakk\u0131 verilirken anla\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer taraf\u0131 olan e\u015fin bu anla\u015fmayla sonuna kadar ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etti\u011finden anla\u015fmay\u0131 bozma hakk\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131ya da verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/h5>
Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; taraflar\u0131n 04.06.2004 tarihinde evlendi\u011fi, bu evlilikten 12.03.2007 do\u011fumlu m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, davac\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma iste\u011fiyle mahkemeye ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu ve dilek\u00e7e ekinde iki taraf\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 23.06.2014 tarihli protokolde bo\u015fanma, bo\u015fanman\u0131n mali sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczenlemelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, 27.06.2014 tarihli duru\u015fmada taraflar\u0131n protokol i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re bo\u015fanmak istediklerini bildirdikleri ve bu beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131klar\u0131, mahkemece de TMK 166\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca anla\u015fmal\u0131 olarak bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/h5>
Daval\u0131 ise aralar\u0131ndaki protokol \u015fartlar\u0131 ve bo\u015fanmaya sebep olan hadiselerin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle anla\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanman\u0131n irade fesad\u0131 h\u00e2llerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini, davadan feragat etti\u011fini beyanla h\u00fckm\u00fc s\u00fcresinde temyiz etmi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
Anla\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer taraf\u0131 olan e\u015fin h\u00fck\u00fcm kesinle\u015finceye kadar anla\u015fma iradesinden d\u00f6nmesini engelleyici yasal bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, taraflara iddia ve savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmesi ve delillerini sunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in imk\u00e2n verilerek davaya \u201c\u00e7eki\u015fmeli bo\u015fanma\u201d (TMK m. 166\/1-2) olarak davaya devam edilmesi gerekir.<\/h5>
Hukuk Genel Kurulunda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda, taraflar\u0131n somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta yapt\u0131klar\u0131 protokol\u00fc kabul ettiklerini mahkeme huzurunda \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeleri ile beyan ettikleri, bu beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131klar\u0131, mahkemece de bu protokol\u00fcn uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanmaya karar verildi\u011fi, anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma karar\u0131ndan sonra hangi gerek\u00e7eyle olursa olsun taraflardan birinin bu beyan\u0131ndan d\u00f6nmesi h\u00e2linde davan\u0131n \u00e7eki\u015fmeli bo\u015fanmaya d\u00f6nece\u011fine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn yasal dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 166\/3. maddesi gere\u011fince anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verildikten sonra taraflar\u0131n ancak irade fesad\u0131 h\u00e2llerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilece\u011fi, bu durumda da \u00f6ncelikle hadise \u015feklinde irade fesad\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilerek anla\u015fmal\u0131 bo\u015fanma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi, irade fesad\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde davan\u0131n \u00e7eki\u015fmeli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp h\u00fckm\u00fcn bu de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ile bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirilmi\u015f ise de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeplerle Kurul \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funca benimsenmemi\u015ftir.<\/h5>
Bu nedenle Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 gerekirken \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Daval\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerle dolay\u0131 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanununa eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince\u00a0BOZULMASINA,<\/b>\u00a0istek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana iadesine, ayn\u0131 Kanunun 440. maddesi uyar\u0131nca karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden itibaren on be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde karar d\u00fczeltme yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmak \u00fczere 18.04.2019 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ikinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla karar verildi.<\/a><\/u><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Anla\u015fmal\u0131 Bo\u015fanma Karar\u0131 Verildikten Sonra
\nH\u00fckm\u00fcn Kesinle\u015fmesine Kadar Daval\u0131 E\u015f,
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