{"id":15490,"date":"2023-03-29T12:29:17","date_gmt":"2023-03-29T09:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurcaloglu.com\/?p=15490"},"modified":"2023-04-23T16:49:23","modified_gmt":"2023-04-23T13:49:23","slug":"yargitay-hgk-e-2019-739-k-2022-577","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kurcaloglu.com\/fr\/yargitay-hgk-e-2019-739-k-2022-577\/","title":{"rendered":"Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E.2019\/739, K.2022\/577;"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E.2019\/739, K.2022\/577; <\/b><\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Yasal \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Belirlenmi\u015f,

3 Ayl\u0131k Hak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcre;

Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131 Sahibine Al\u0131c\u0131 Veya Sat\u0131c\u0131 Taraf\u0131ndan

Noter Marifeti \u0130le Bildirildi\u011fi Tarihten \u0130tibaren

\u0130\u015flemeye Ba\u015flar.


(Hak Sahibinin, Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 Ba\u015fka Bir \u015eekilde \u00d6\u011frenmi\u015f Olmas\u0131 Ba\u015flamas\u0131na Yol A\u00e7maz) <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Yarg\u0131tay

Hukuk Genel Kurulu

Esas No: 2019\/739

Karar No: 2022\/577

Karar Tarihi: 19.04.2022<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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1. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201c\u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na dayal\u0131 tapu iptali ve tescil\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Hukuk Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan daval\u0131 vekilinin istinaf isteminin kabul\u00fc ile davan\u0131n husumet nedeniyle reddine ili\u015fkin olarak verilen karar, davac\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine Yarg\u0131tay (Kapat\u0131lan) 14. Hukuk Dairesince yap\u0131lan inceleme sonunda bozulmu\u015f, b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesince \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

2. Direnme karar\u0131 davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

3. Hukuk Genel Kurulunca dosyadaki belgeler incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>

I. YARGILAMA S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/b><\/p>

Davac\u0131 \u0130stemi:<\/p>

4. Davac\u0131 vekili 13.07.2015 tarihli dava dilek\u00e7esinde; m\u00fcvekkilinin \u0130stanbul ili, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y il\u00e7esi, Rasimpa\u015fa Mahallesi, 195 ada, 3 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131nda payda\u015f olan …’\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 …’a, 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131n da miras b\u0131rakana aitken …’\u0131n kendi pay\u0131n\u0131 daval\u0131 …\u2019a 27.05.2015 tarihinde satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminin daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcvekkiline Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 24. Noterli\u011fince d\u00fczenlenen 10.06.2015 tarihli ve 13115 yevmiye numaral\u0131 ihtarname ile bildirildi\u011fini, bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istedi\u011fini, murise ait pay el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabi ise de hak sahibi olan di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 nedeniyle dava a\u00e7mas\u0131na ve daval\u0131ya sat\u0131lan pay\u0131 kendi ad\u0131na tescil ettirmesine muvafakat ettiklerini, bunun i\u00e7in vek\u00e2letname verdiklerini, ayr\u0131ca ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 400.000TL bedelle sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin tapuda muvazaal\u0131 \u015fekilde 600.000TL olarak g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini, sat\u0131\u015f bedeline ili\u015fkin bu iddia hakk\u0131ndaki deliller topland\u0131ktan sonra depo karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek, tapunun iptali ile 1\/2 pay\u0131n davac\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Daval\u0131 Cevab\u0131:<\/p>

5. Daval\u0131 vekili cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; m\u00fcvekkili ile dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 800.000TL sat\u0131\u015f bedeli \u00fczerinden emlak komisyoncusunda anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, anla\u015fman\u0131n davac\u0131 da dahil t\u00fcm maliklerce imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun g\u00fcvenen daval\u0131n\u0131n bankadan kredi almaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etti\u011fini, banka ekspertizi taraf\u0131ndan rapor d\u00fczenlenmesine ve kredi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin imzalanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bir k\u0131s\u0131m payda\u015flar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015ftan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini, bu durumu etik bulmayan payda\u015f …’\u0131n ise sat\u0131\u015ftan vazge\u00e7medi\u011fini ve 27.05.2015 tarihinde tapuya gidilerek 1\/2 pay\u0131n 600.000TL bedelle daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcvekkilinin davac\u0131 ve di\u011fer payda\u015flar aleyhine \u0130stanbul Anadolu 10. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2015\/230 E. say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda ecrimisil ve tazminat davas\u0131, \u0130stanbul Anadolu 6. Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2015\/462 E. say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda ise ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle davac\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015ftan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren haberdar oldu\u011funu, eldeki davay\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fcvekkiline sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nal\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

\u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi Karar\u0131:<\/b><\/p>

6. \u0130stanbul Anadolu 8. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 13.07.2017 tarihli ve 2015\/266 E., 2017\/169 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; davac\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin 400.000TL olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bedelin tapuda muvazaal\u0131 \u015fekilde 600.000TL g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmesi ve bu konuda tan\u0131k dinletmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f bedellerinden hangisinden sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili olarak t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n bir araya gelerek d\u00fczenledikleri komisyon s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde sat\u0131c\u0131lar ile daval\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131 …’\u0131n e\u015fi …’\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in 800.000TL bedel \u00fczerinde anla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n taraflar aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir k\u0131s\u0131m davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131 tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi do\u011frulad\u0131klar\u0131, bilirki\u015fi raporu da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz bedelinin ger\u00e7ekte 400.000TL oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, tapu masraflar\u0131 ile birlikte toplam 412.000TL \u00f6nal\u0131m bedelinin 07.07.2017 tarihinde mahkeme veznesine depo edildi\u011fi ve t\u00fcm yasal ko\u015fullar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile 1\/2 pay\u0131n davac\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi Karar\u0131:<\/b><\/p>

7. \u0130lk derece mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da belirtilen karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

8. \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Hukuk Dairesinin 08.02.2018 tarihli ve 2017\/1787 E., 2018\/213 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131na konu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda payda\u015f …’\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ancak murisin davac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu, terekenin el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fu, davac\u0131n\u0131n ise eldeki davay\u0131 halefiyet esas\u0131na g\u00f6re tereke ad\u0131na de\u011fil kendi ad\u0131na tescil iste\u011fiyle a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z paylar\u0131 ve tasarruf yetkilerinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kendi adlar\u0131na tescil talepli dava a\u00e7ma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, TMK’n\u0131n 702\/4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca davaya tereke temsilcisi atanmas\u0131 ya da di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla da devam edilemeyece\u011fi, davan\u0131n dinlenebilme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumda ilk derece mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan davan\u0131n bu nedenle reddine karar verilmesi gerekirken usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle istinaf ba\u015fvurusu kabul edilmi\u015f ve HMK’n\u0131n 353\/1-b-2 maddesi gere\u011fince \u0130stanbul Anadolu 8. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin karar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131larak, davan\u0131n aktif husumet yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

\u00d6zel Daire Bozma Karar\u0131:<\/b><\/p>

9. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesinin yukar\u0131da belirtilen karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde davac\u0131 vekili temyiz isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

10. Yarg\u0131tay 14. Hukuk Dairesinin 18.12.2018 tarihli ve 2018\/3138 E., 2018\/9162 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile;<\/p>

\u201c\u2026\u0130lk derece mahkemesince davac\u0131n\u0131n muvazaa iddias\u0131 kabul edilerek davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131 vekilinin istinaf kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Hukuk Dairesince daval\u0131 vekilinin istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun kabul\u00fcne, \u0130stanbul Anadolu 8. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 13.07.2017 tarihli ve 2015\/266 Esas, 2017\/169 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, davac\u0131n\u0131n davas\u0131n\u0131n aktif ehliyet yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

H\u00fckm\u00fc, davac\u0131 vekili temyiz etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

\u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine konu ise t\u00fcm ortaklar\u0131n birlikte dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 veya birinin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davaya di\u011ferlerinin muvafakat etmesi gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu gibi hallerde 11.10.1982 tarihli 3\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca davan\u0131n tereke ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekir. Davaya muvafakat, duru\u015fmaya gelip bu konuda beyanda bulunmakla veya imzas\u0131 noterce onayl\u0131 muvafakat belgesi ibraz edilmesi suretiyle yahut davac\u0131 ad\u0131na davay\u0131 takip eden avukata vekalet verilmesi ile sa\u011flanabilir. Bu yolda ortaklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn muvafakati sa\u011flanamazsa T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 640. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca murisin terekesine g\u00f6revli mahkemede temsilci atanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya s\u00fcre verilir. Temsilci davac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda biri olursa davac\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131fat\u0131 sona erece\u011finden davay\u0131 temsilci takip eder. Dava hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan bu hususun hakim taraf\u0131ndan kendili\u011finden \u00f6ncelikle nazara al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince terekenin elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabi oldu\u011fu, davac\u0131n\u0131n murisi …’\u0131n hissesine dayal\u0131 olarak \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z paylar\u0131 ve tasarruf yetkileri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendi adlar\u0131na tescil talepli dava a\u00e7ma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n aktif taraf ehliyeti yoklu\u011fundan reddine karar verilmi\u015f ise de tapu kayd\u0131nda payda\u015f olan muris …’\u0131n davac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 10. Noterli\u011fi 11926 yevmiye numaral\u0131 vekaletname ile davac\u0131 vekiline vekalet verdi\u011fi ve dava konusu pay\u0131n … miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 davac\u0131 … ad\u0131na tesciline muvafakat verdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda muvazaan\u0131n da ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile dava konusu 1\/2 pay\u0131n davac\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince davan\u0131n aktif ehliyet yoklu\u011fundan reddine karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir…\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle karar bozulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

Direnme Karar\u0131:<\/b><\/p>

11. \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Hukuk Dairesinin 10.04.2019 tarihli ve 2019\/78 E., 2019\/645 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; \u00f6nceki karar gerek\u00e7esi tekrar edilmek suretiyle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Direnme Karar\u0131n\u0131n Temyizi:<\/p>

12. Direnme karar\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde davac\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

II. UYU\u015eMAZLIK<\/b><\/p>

13. Direnme yoluyla Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na konu davan\u0131n payda\u015f (muris) …’\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lardan biri taraf\u0131ndan kendi ad\u0131na tescil iste\u011fiyle a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ise davac\u0131 vekiline Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 10. Noterli\u011fince d\u00fczenlenen 011926 yevmiye numaral\u0131 vek\u00e2letnameyi verdikleri g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bu durumun davaya muvafakat ettikleri \u015feklinde kabul edilip edilemeyece\u011fi, var\u0131lacak sonuca g\u00f6re bir miras\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan davan\u0131n dinlenme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

III. GEREK\u00c7E<\/b><\/p>

14. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde, konu ile ilgili yasal d\u00fczenleme ve kavramlara ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>

15. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda ortak idare ve kullanma durumu s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fundan payda\u015flar\u0131n birbirlerini bilmeleri ve tan\u0131malar\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu ihtiyac\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak payda\u015flar aras\u0131na yabanc\u0131 bir ki\u015finin giri\u015fini engellemek, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilmek, hisselerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar hissedar elinde toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek amac\u0131yla payl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda hissedarlar\u0131n temlik hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131larak yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

16. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal m\u00fclkiyetinin kanundan do\u011fan takyitlerinden biri olup 26.12.1951 tarihli ve 1\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda yenilik do\u011furan bir hak oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

17. \u00d6te yandan 20.06.1951 tarihli ve 13\/5 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131nda ise \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n hukuk\u00ee niteli\u011fi, \u201c\u015eufa hakk\u0131, mef\u015fu hissenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahsa sat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sat\u0131\u015fa \u0131tt\u0131ladan itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi muayyen \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak yenilik do\u011furucu bir hakt\u0131r ki, \u015fefinin bu hakk\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolundaki tek tarafl\u0131 irade beyan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteriye vas\u0131l olmas\u0131yla yeni bir hukuk\u00ee vaziyet meydana getirilmesine yarar. Bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u015fefi yeni bir akit yapmaya hacet kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteriye halef olur\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

18. \u00d6nal\u0131m (\u015fuf\u2019a) hakk\u0131, TMK ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan 743 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Kanunu Medenisi\u2019nde 658. (S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan \u015fufa) ve 659. (Kanuni \u015fufa hakk\u0131) maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. 743 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Kanunu Medenisi\u2019nin kabul etti\u011fi sisteme g\u00f6re, \u00f6n al\u0131m (\u015fuf\u2019a) hakk\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve onun esasl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen payda\u015f taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan yenilik do\u011furucu bir hakt\u0131r ve sahibinin kullanma beyan\u0131yla v\u00fccut bulmaktad\u0131r. Bu hak dava a\u00e7\u0131larak kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi \u00f6nal\u0131m (\u015fuf\u2019a) hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan ve herhangi bir surette muhatab\u0131na iletilen bir irade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile de kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Beyan\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fekli yoktur ancak ispat y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 yeterlidir. \u00d6nal\u0131m (\u015fuf\u2019a) ile ilgili bu eski yasal d\u00fczenlemede, a) hakk\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u00fcresi, b) hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi ve c) hakk\u0131n korunma s\u00fcresi olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr s\u00fcre s\u00f6z konusu olup; hakk\u0131n devam\u0131 s\u00fcresi, m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyet h\u00e2linin devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde hakk\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131n\u0131; hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeyle ba\u015flayan ve hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken yasal hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcreyi; hakk\u0131n korunma s\u00fcresi ise sat\u0131\u015f tarihinden ba\u015flayarak hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi en fazla s\u00fcreyi ifade etmektedir. \u00d6nal\u0131m (\u015fuf\u2019a) hakk\u0131 sahibinin bu hakk\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa a\u00e7\u0131k irade beyan\u0131 ile bildirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, sat\u0131\u015f tarihini takip eden on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. S\u00fcrenin ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nal\u0131m olay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu ise i\u00e7eri\u011fi hakk\u0131nda emin bir bilgi edinilmesi gerekir.<\/p>

19. Eski kanunda kabul edilen bu sistemin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 aksakl\u0131klar nedeniyle Medeni Kanun\u2019un de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nal\u0131m (\u015fuf\u2019a ) hakk\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6zellikle durulmu\u015f ve bir sistem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilmesi yolunda d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; en son h\u00e2liyle de 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK’daki \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

20. Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, TMK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cTa\u015f\u0131nmaz M\u00fclkiyetinin \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi ve K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ikinci ayr\u0131m\u0131nda, \u201cII. Devir hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 1. Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u201ca. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 732; \u201cb. Kullanma yasa\u011f\u0131, feragat ve hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 733 ve \u201cc. Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 734. maddelerinde \u00f6nceki kanundan farkl\u0131 i\u00e7erikte d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

21. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle; yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131ndan feragatin y\u00f6ntem ve ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n di\u011fer payda\u015flara bildirilmesi gere\u011fi, bu bildirimden ve sat\u0131\u015f tarihinden itibaren uygulanacak yasal s\u00fcrelerin neler oldu\u011fu, bu hakk\u0131n dava a\u00e7\u0131larak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi, \u00f6nal\u0131m bedelinin ve giderlerin nakden yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

22. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 732. maddesi; \u201cPayl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette bir payda\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, di\u011fer payda\u015flar \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. Madde gerek\u00e7esinde ise: \u201cMaddede payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette herhangi bir payda\u015f\u0131n kendi pay\u0131n\u0131 ister tamamen ister k\u0131smen bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na satmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilecekleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu suretle, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n, bir pay\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye tamamen veya k\u0131smen sat\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda da kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d ifadelerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemede \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir tarifi yap\u0131lmamakla birlikte temel prensibin m\u00fclkiyet serbestisi ve tasarruf yetkisi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilerek payda\u015f\u0131n temlik hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken bu s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutularak sadece sat\u0131m akitleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>

23. Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete konu bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n payda\u015flar\u0131ndan birinin pay\u0131n\u0131 bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde di\u011fer payda\u015flara ayn\u0131 \u015fartlarla bu pay\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olabilme yetkisini veren yenilik do\u011furan bir hakt\u0131r. Pay\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir fark yoktur. Ki\u015fiye de\u011fil paya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hakt\u0131r ve kim payda\u015f olursa bu hakka sahiptir. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131nca payda\u015f pay\u0131n\u0131 yasal \u00f6n al\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan di\u011fer payda\u015fa devretme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na girmektedir. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyetinin dolayl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama bi\u00e7imlerinden birisidir. Bu hak kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece ortada bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama olmay\u0131p, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, ancak payda\u015f olmayan birisine yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015fta s\u00f6z konusu olur. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 eskisi gibi irade bildirimi ile de\u011fil ancak al\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131larak kullan\u0131labilir. Bu hakk\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00d6nal\u0131m davas\u0131 yenilik do\u011furan bir dava, karar\u0131 da yenilik do\u011furan bir karard\u0131r.<\/p>

24. Yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda yasal s\u00fcrelerin neler oldu\u011fu TMK’n\u0131n 733. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

TMK’n\u0131n 733. maddesinin ilgili 3 ve 4. f\u0131kralar\u0131; \u201cYap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015f, al\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer payda\u015flara noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirilir. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n hak sahibine bildirildi\u011fi tarihin \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 ay ve her h\u00e2lde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinden iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde ise; \u201c…Maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131 ya da sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan di\u011fer payda\u015flara bildirilmesi y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc getirmi\u015ftir. Bu bildirimin noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1984 tarihli \u00f6n tasar\u0131n\u0131n 653 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da yer alan bu h\u00fck\u00fcm sayesinde uygulamada en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya neden olan, \u201c\u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibinin, sat\u0131\u015ftan haberdar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00fcst s\u00fcre olan 10 y\u0131l\u0131n bitimine kadar\u201d bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

Maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lma s\u00fcresiyle ilgilidir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki 658 inci maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren bir ay, sat\u0131\u015ftan itibaren on y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130svi\u00e7re Meden\u00ee Kanununda 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle yeni 681a maddesiyle bu s\u00fcreler bir ay ve iki y\u0131l olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki metinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen on y\u0131l\u0131n uzun, \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikte kabul edilen iki y\u0131l\u0131n ise k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek, 1984 tarihli \u00d6ntasar\u0131n\u0131n 653 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, bu s\u00fcre be\u015f y\u0131la indirilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki metinde bu konuda on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cherh\u00e2lde sicile \u015ferh verildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren\u201d ifadesi yerine daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir anlat\u0131m olarak be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak \u201cher h\u00e2lde sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinden\u201d ifadesine yer verilmi\u015ftir\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

25. B\u00f6ylece, Kanun \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcrelere t\u00e2bi tutmu\u015ftur. \u00dc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre; madde metninde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer verildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u201cpay sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hak sahibine bildirildi\u011fi tarihten\u201d itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Bu bildirim de Kanun’da \u00f6zel bir \u015fekle tabi tutulmu\u015f; noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirim \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Noter bildirisinin payda\u015fa tebli\u011f tarihini izleyen g\u00fcnden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre i\u015fleyecektir. \u0130ki y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre ise, yap\u0131lan pay sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarihini izleyen g\u00fcnden ba\u015flar. S\u00fcresinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayan payda\u015f\u0131n sadece o pay sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer, ba\u015fka pay sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 ise sona ermez.<\/p>

26. \u015eu durumda; 743 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Kanunu Medenisi\u2019nin kabul etti\u011fi sistem \u201c\u00f6\u011frenmeyi\u201d esas almakta iken, TMK\u2019da bundan vazge\u00e7ilerek \u201cbildirim\u201d esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bu bildirim de herhangi bir bildirim de\u011fil, noter vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak bildirimdir. O h\u00e2lde; yasal \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibine al\u0131c\u0131 veya sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 sahibinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 kesin olarak ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 s\u00fcrenin i\u015flemesine yol a\u00e7maz.<\/p>

27. Nitekim ayn\u0131 ilkeler Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 21.09.2005 tarihli ve 2005\/6-358 E., 2005\/470 K.; 01.06.2021 tarihli ve 2017\/14-2218 E., 2021\/646 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

28. Di\u011fer yandan, eldeki davada \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan davac\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fundan, el birli\u011fi (i\u015ftirak h\u00e2linde) m\u00fclkiyetinin hukuk\u00ee niteli\u011fine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>

29. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, bir ki\u015fiye ait olabilece\u011fi gibi birden fazla ki\u015fiye de ait olabilir. Birinci durumda \u201cferdi m\u00fclkiyet\u201d s\u00f6z konusu iken, ikinci durumda 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK\u2019n\u0131n 688 ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201cbirlikte m\u00fclkiyet\u201d s\u00f6z konusu olur. Kanun\u2019daki d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re birlikte m\u00fclkiyet ancak \u201cpayl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet\u201d ve \u201celbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti\u201d \u015feklinde olabilir.<\/p>

30. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette birden \u00e7ok kimse, maddi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmayan bir \u015feyin tamam\u0131na belli paylarla maliktir. Ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc belirlenmedik\u00e7e, paylar e\u015fit say\u0131l\u0131r. Payda\u015flardan her biri kendi pay\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan malik hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine sahip olup, bu pay \u00fczerinde tek ba\u015f\u0131na diledi\u011fi gibi tasarrufta bulunabilir. Her payda\u015f kendi pay\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilebilece\u011fi gibi pay\u0131 \u00fczerinde rehin hakk\u0131 da kurabilir. Yine payda\u015flardan birinin pay\u0131, kendi alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haczettirilebilir. Bir payda\u015f\u0131n vefat\u0131 \u00fczerine de pay\u0131 miras yoluyla kendi miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na intikal eder.<\/p>

31. Kanun veya kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler uyar\u0131nca olu\u015fan topluluk dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mallara birlikte malik olanlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti ise el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetidir.<\/p>

32. El birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri TMK\u2019n\u0131n 702. maddesinde d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re; \u201cOrtaklar\u0131n haklar\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, toplulu\u011fu do\u011furan kanun vey s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile belirlenir.<\/p>

Kanunda veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, gerek y\u00f6netim, gerek tasarruf i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fiyle karar vermeleri gerekir.<\/p>

S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan topluluk devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, payla\u015fma yap\u0131lamaz ve bir pay \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunulamaz.<\/p>

Ortaklardan her biri, toplulu\u011fa giren haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu korumadan b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar yararlan\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>

33. Yukar\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcm uyar\u0131nca el birli\u011fi (i\u015ftirak) h\u00e2linde m\u00fclkiyet t\u00fcr\u00fcnde malikler, m\u00fclkiyet paylar\u0131 ayr\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan payda\u015f de\u011fil, ortakt\u0131r. T\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olmayan bu ortakl\u0131kta, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2linde ortaklara aittir. Ortaklar\u0131n tasarruf edebilecekleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z paylar\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, toplulu\u011fu do\u011furan sebebe g\u00f6re kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ortaklar gerek y\u00f6netim gerekse tasarruf i\u015flemlerinde birlikte hareket etmek ve TMK\u2019n\u0131n 702. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re oy birli\u011fiyle karar vermek zorundad\u0131rlar. Bu m\u00fclkiyet t\u00fcr\u00fcnde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc i\u015flevi olan bir pay kavram\u0131 bulunmakta olup, pay kazanc\u0131n veya ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermesi durumunda elde edilecek de\u011ferin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>

34. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cMiras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 640. maddesinde de, birden \u00e7ok miras\u00e7\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, miras\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte payla\u015fmaya kadar, miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda terekedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsayan bir ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n meydana gelece\u011fi, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n terekeye el birli\u011fiyle sahip olacaklar\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya kanundan do\u011fan temsil ya da y\u00f6netim yetkisi sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere terekeye ait b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar \u00fczerinde birlikte tasarruf edecekleri d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

35. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmden anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere tereke (miras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131) TMK’n\u0131n 701 ve devam eden maddeleri uyar\u0131nca el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabidir. TMK\u2019n\u0131n 702\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinde, kanunda veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, gerek y\u00f6netim, gerek tasarruf i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in ortaklar\u0131n oy birli\u011fiyle karar vermeleri gerekti\u011finden aralar\u0131nda zorunlu dava arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ne var ki bu kural, uygulamada yumu\u015fat\u0131larak, Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunun 11.10.1982 tarihli ve 1982\/3-2 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131yla, bir orta\u011f\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi; ancak, davaya devam edebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6teki ortaklar\u0131n olurlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya miras \u015firketine atanacak temsilci arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla davan\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

36. Yukar\u0131da yer verildi\u011fi gibi TMK\u2019n\u0131n 702\/4. f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201c…ortaklardan her biri, toplulu\u011fa giren haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu korumadan b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar yararlan\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde TMK\u2019n\u0131n 640. maddesinde vurgulanan korumadan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenin ne oldu\u011fu \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden \u00f6nce el birli\u011fi ile (i\u015ftirak h\u00e2linde) m\u00fclkiyet 743 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Kanunu Medenisi\u2019nin 581. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Ancak uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan baz\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in yeni d\u00fczenlemede TMK\u2019n\u0131n 640. maddesine \u201cMiras\u00e7\u0131lardan her biri, terekedeki haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Sa\u011flanan korumadan miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n hepsi yararlan\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra eklenmi\u015ftir. Maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, mirasta terekenin t\u00e2bi oldu\u011fu el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine y\u00f6neltilen en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ele\u015ftiri, birlikte hareket etme zorunda olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bireysel olarak terekedeki haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla hareket edememeleriydi. Maddeye eklenen d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra, bu eksikli\u011fi giderme amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

37. Buna g\u00f6re; ola\u011fan koruma eylemleri ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak onar\u0131mlar, mahsullerin toplanmas\u0131 bozulacak olanlar\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131, acele olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bulunan i\u015flemin yerine getirilmesi ile istihkak, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, tapu sicilinde hak sahipli\u011finin saptanmas\u0131 gibi taksimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan talepler, ortaklardan her biri taraf\u0131ndan dava yoluyla ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir (Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 20.03.2013 tarihli ve 2012\/8-861 E.,2013\/391 K.; 05.10.2016 tarihli ve 2014\/14-1243 E., 2016\/958 K.).<\/p>

38. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 702\/2. maddesinde s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen terekeye ait haklar \u00fczerinde tasarruf s\u00f6z konusu ise ortaklar\u0131n oy birli\u011fi ile karar vermeleri, maddenin a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi oldu\u011fundan, tasarruf i\u015flemi niteli\u011findeki tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 veya terekeye temsilci atanmas\u0131 ve bu yolla davan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekir. Bir miras\u00e7\u0131 t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar ad\u0131na tek ba\u015f\u0131na dava a\u00e7abilirse de, b\u00f6yle bir davay\u0131 yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fctemez. Bu durumda davan\u0131n hemen reddedilmeyip, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n veya muvafakatlerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ya da terekeye temsilci atanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya uygun s\u00fcre verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>

39. Ancak dava halefiyet esas\u0131na g\u00f6re tereke ad\u0131na de\u011fil de kendi miras pay\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n onay\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bir ya da bir k\u0131s\u0131m miras\u00e7\u0131 terekeye ait bir mal veya alacaktan yaln\u0131z kendi miras pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in yaln\u0131z kendi ad\u0131na dava a\u00e7arsa, b\u00f6yle bir dava reddedilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bir veya bir k\u0131s\u0131m miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirak h\u00e2lindeki pay \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunma yetkisi yoktur. B\u00f6yle bir dava di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n paylar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar ad\u0131na da a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, davaya di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131na (icazet vermesine) olanak yoktur. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, \u00f6teki miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 veya y\u00f6ntemine uygun bi\u00e7imde muvafakatlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131, ya da miras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir m\u00fcmessil tayin edilerek onun huzuru ile davaya devam edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve davan\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>

40. Ayn\u0131 nedenle, tereke temsilcisi de, bir miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z kendi pay\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu davaya icazet verip davay\u0131 devam ettiremez. Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yerle\u015fik uygulamas\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bu y\u00f6ndedir (Kuru, Baki: Hukuk Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc, 6. Bask\u0131 2001, C.1, s. 984 vd).<\/p>

41. Bu arada 11.10.1982 tarihli ve 3\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde \u201c\u2026\u0130\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyetin gere\u011fi olarak miras yoluyla gelen terekeye dahil bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaza \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan elat\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde MK.nun 618. maddesine dayan\u0131larak ortaklardan biri ya da birka\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz. Davan\u0131n birlikte ya da MK.nun 581. maddesine g\u00f6re atanacak bir temsilci taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu kural MK.nun 630\/2. maddesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Madde hi\u00e7 bir yoruma yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131k olup ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fi ile karar verebileceklerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Ancak bu kat\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yarg\u0131sal kararlarla k\u0131smen yumu\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve dava a\u00e7ma ve davay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme olarak iki a\u015famada m\u00fctal\u00e2a edilmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: \u0130\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyet durumunda olan bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaza elatan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 bir ortak tek ba\u015f\u0131na dava a\u00e7abilir. Yaln\u0131z a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu davay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi ya di\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n muvafakat\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 ya da terekeye bir m\u00fcmessil tayin ettirmesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r ve bu bi\u00e7imdeki uygulama (i\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyet) sistemi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmamaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra netice olarak; \u201c\u2026Mirastan do\u011fan i\u015ftirak halindeki m\u00fclkiyet ortaklar\u0131ndan birinin ya da birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n kendi ad\u0131na MK.nun 618. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayanarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davalar\u0131nda, davan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in di\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n muvafakat\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da MK.nun 581. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca bir m\u00fcmessil t\u00e2yini gerekti\u011fine\u2026\u201d karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

42. Gerek Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda gerekse doktrinde \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan davac\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabi ise kural olarak \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131n da miras\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, ancak tek miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davan\u0131n hemen reddine karar verilmesinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumda di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 ya da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davaya muvafakat vermeleri i\u00e7in gerekli imk\u00e2n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131; davaya muvafakatin de dava a\u00e7an ortak d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n duru\u015fmaya gelip bu konuda beyanda bulunmalar\u0131 ya da imzalar\u0131 noterce onaylanm\u0131\u015f muvafakat belgesi sunmalar\u0131 ya da dava vekil arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p takip ediliyorsa ayn\u0131 avukata vek\u00e2letname vermeleri suretiyle sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi, aksi h\u00e2lde davac\u0131ya g\u00f6revli mahkemede TMK\u2019n\u0131n 640. maddesi uyar\u0131nca terekeye temsilci atanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6rev verilmesi, terekeye temsilci atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde davan\u0131n tereke temsilcisi huzuruyla g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde de \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na konu pay\u0131n davay\u0131 a\u00e7an ortak ad\u0131na de\u011fil tereke ad\u0131na tescilinin gerekece\u011fi, ancak davay\u0131 a\u00e7an ortak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fufal\u0131 pay\u0131n davay\u0131 a\u00e7an ortak ad\u0131na tesciline muvafakat edebilecekleri vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Mustafa Re\u015fit Karahasan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk E\u015fya Hukuku kitab\u0131nda da yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde hareket edilmesi gere\u011fi \u201c…\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir s\u00fcrede kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, burada ivedilik durumu s\u00f6z konusudur\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1991, sh. 139).<\/p>

43. Eldeki davada, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine konu olup, yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde t\u00fcm ortaklar\u0131n birlikte dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 ya da bir orta\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davaya di\u011ferlerinin muvafakat etmesi gerekir. Davac\u0131 … sadece kendi miras pay\u0131na hasren dava a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f, dava dilek\u00e7esinde a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde hak sahibi di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu davay\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na ve \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na konu pay\u0131n kendi ad\u0131na tescil edilmesine muvafakat ettiklerini belirterek, daval\u0131ya sat\u0131lan pay\u0131n tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi ad\u0131na tescil isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu gibi durumlarda gerek 11.10.1982 tarihli ve 3\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131, gerekse \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n hukuk\u00ee niteli\u011fi ve bu hakk\u0131n TMK\u2019n\u0131n 733. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen noter bildirimi \u00fczerine \u00fc\u00e7 ay ve her h\u00e2lde iki y\u0131ll\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde dava a\u00e7\u0131larak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ivedi haklardan olmas\u0131 nedeniyle tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir miras\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kendi ad\u0131na tescil istemli olarak dava a\u00e7\u0131lsa dahi bu davan\u0131n tereke ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekmektedir.<\/p>

44. Somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, dava konusu 195 ada 3 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 … ile davac\u0131n\u0131n miras b\u0131rakan\u0131 … adlar\u0131na 1\/2 paylarla tescilli iken payda\u015f … 13.12.2014 tarihinde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, geride miras\u00e7\u0131 olarak davac\u0131 … ile dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 …, \u0130pek Sayar ve Kamil U\u00e7an kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer payda\u015f … ise 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131 27.05.2015 tarihinde daval\u0131 …\u2019a satm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan pay sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lardan sadece … taraf\u0131ndan kendi ad\u0131na tescil iste\u011fi ile a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de tapu kayd\u0131nda payda\u015f olan muris …’\u0131n davac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, davac\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden Av. …\u2019ye Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 10. Noterli\u011fince d\u00fczenlenen 011926 yevmiye numaral\u0131 vek\u00e2letnameyi vererek, davac\u0131n\u0131n eldeki davay\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na ve \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na konu pay\u0131n onun ad\u0131na tesciline muvafakat etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>

45. Bu durumda, \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na konu pay\u0131n davac\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131 ad\u0131na tescili konusunda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda TMK\u2019n\u0131n 702\/2. maddesine uygun bi\u00e7imde oy birli\u011fiyle karar verdikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmakta olup, bu konudaki iradeleri (muvafakatleri) dosyaya sunulan vek\u00e2letname ile mahkeme huzuruna ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan davan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclebilme ko\u015fulunun tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nlere i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Ne var ki, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince verilen direnme karar\u0131 sadece davac\u0131n\u0131n aktif husumetine ili\u015fkin bir karar olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bozma karar\u0131nda bu a\u015famada davan\u0131n esas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131larak \u201cBu durumda muvazaan\u0131n da ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile dava konusu 1\/2 pay\u0131n davac\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesi gerekirken…\u201d \u015feklindeki bir gerek\u00e7eye yer verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 isabetli de\u011fildir.<\/p>

46. O h\u00e2lde yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar uyar\u0131nca, taraflar\u0131n iddia ve savunmalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davan\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131larak, olu\u015facak sonuca g\u00f6re bir karar verilmesi gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle davan\u0131n aktif husumet yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle reddine karar verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>

47. Hukuk Genel Kurulundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda; davac\u0131n\u0131n miras pay\u0131na dayanarak eldeki davay\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendi ad\u0131na tescil iste\u011fiyle a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu davan\u0131n tereke ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir dava olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n muvafakatinden s\u00f6z edilmi\u015f ise de bu muvafakatin ancak tereke ad\u0131na dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli ve gerekli oldu\u011fu, \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131n tereke ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in tescil talebinin de tereke ad\u0131na yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, aksi h\u00e2lde payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re payda\u015f olmayan bir miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131 neticesinde kendi ad\u0131na tescili sa\u011flayarak payl\u0131 malik olmas\u0131 gibi bir durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131, bu durumun ise \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 ve el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinin hukuk\u00ee mahiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n onanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ise de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Kurul \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle benimsenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>

48. H\u00e2l b\u00f6yle olunca; B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince verilen direnme karar\u0131, bu de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ve nedenlerden dolay\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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SONU\u00c7;<\/b><\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle;<\/p>

Davac\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan bu de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ve nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 371. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA,<\/p>

\u0130stek h\u00e2linde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine,<\/p>

6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 373\/2. maddesi gere\u011fi dosyan\u0131n karar\u0131 veren \u0130stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 7. Hukuk Dairesine g\u00f6nderilmesine, 19.04.2022 tarihinde oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile kesin olarak karar verildi.<\/p>

KAR\u015eI OY<\/p>

Davac\u0131 vekili dava dilek\u00e7esinde; m\u00fcvekkilinin \u0130stanbul ili, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y il\u00e7esi, Rasimpa\u015fa Mahallesi, 195 ada, 3 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131nda payda\u015f olan …’\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131n …’a, 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131n da muris …’a aitken …’\u0131n kendi pay\u0131n\u0131 daval\u0131 …\u2019a 27.05.2015 tarihinde satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminin daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcvekkiline Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 24. Noterli\u011finin 10.06.2015 tarih ve 13115 yevmiye numaral\u0131 ihtarname ile bildirildi\u011fini, bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131 m\u00fcvekkilinin \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istedi\u011fini, murise ait pay\u0131n el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabi oldu\u011funu, ancak hak sahibi olan di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na, daval\u0131ya sat\u0131lan pay\u0131 kendi ad\u0131na tescil ettirmesine muvafakat ettiklerini ve vek\u00e2letname verdiklerini, ayr\u0131ca ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n 1\/2 pay\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 400.000TL bedelle sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in sat\u0131\u015f bedelinin muvazaal\u0131 olarak tapuda 600.000TL olarak g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini, sat\u0131\u015f bedeli konusundaki bu iddian\u0131n kan\u0131tlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek bu husustaki deliller topland\u0131ktan sonra depo karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek, tapunun iptali ile 1\/2 pay\u0131n davac\u0131 ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Daval\u0131 vekili cevap dilek\u00e7esinde; dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131 ile m\u00fcvekkili aras\u0131nda \u00f6nce bir emlak\u00e7\u0131 nezaretinde 800.000TL sat\u0131\u015f bedeli \u00fczerinden anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve anla\u015fman\u0131n davac\u0131 da dahil t\u00fcm maliklerce imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine daval\u0131n\u0131n bankadan kredi almaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etti\u011fini, banka ekspertizi taraf\u0131ndan rapor d\u00fczenlenmesine ve kredi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin imzalanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bir k\u0131s\u0131m payda\u015flar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015ftan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini, bu durumu etik bulmayan payda\u015f …’\u0131n ise sat\u0131\u015ftan vazge\u00e7medi\u011fini, bunun \u00fczerine 27.05.2015 tarihinde tapuya gidilerek 1\/2 pay\u0131n 600.000TL bedelle m\u00fcvekkili taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcm bunlar nedeniyle davac\u0131 ve di\u011fer payda\u015flar aleyhine \u0130stanbul Anadolu 10. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2015\/230 E. say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda ecrimisil ve tazminat davas\u0131, \u0130stanbul Anadolu 6. Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesinin 2015\/462 E. say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda ise ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015ftan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren haberdar oldu\u011funu, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle dava a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n m\u00fcvekkiline sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6nal\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tapudaki sat\u0131\u015f bedeli ve d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimlerden kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren en y\u00fcksek ticari faizleri ile depo edilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirterek, davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

Dava \u00f6nal\u0131m nedeniyle tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nal\u0131m nedeniyle tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n hukuk\u00ee dayana\u011f\u0131 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu 732. maddedir. Bu maddeye g\u00f6re payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette bir payda\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye satmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, di\u011fer payda\u015flar \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler. \u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyette pay sat\u0131n alana kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r, dava da onun aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Sat\u0131\u015f tapuya tescil ile vaki olaca\u011f\u0131ndan tapu ile pay\u0131 kim iktisap etmi\u015f ise ona kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine konu ise payda\u015flardan birinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na kendi ad\u0131na veya tereke ad\u0131na dava a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00fczerinde durularak bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 07.12.2021 g\u00fcn ve 2018\/(14)7-510 Esas, 2021\/1590 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;<\/p>

\u201c4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun (TMK) 599. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca miras; murisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na ge\u00e7er ve miras\u00e7\u0131lar terekedeki mallar (menkul- gayrimenkul) \u00fczerinde bu tarih itibariyle hak sahibi olurlar.<\/p>

T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun \u201cMiras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 640. maddesinde de;<\/p>

\u201cBirden \u00e7ok miras\u00e7\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 halinde, miras\u0131n ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte payla\u015fmaya kadar, miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda terekedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsayan bir ortakl\u0131k meydana gelir.<\/p>

Miras\u00e7\u0131lar terekeye elbirli\u011fiyle sahip olurlar ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya kanundan do\u011fan temsil ya da y\u00f6netim yetkisi sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, terekeye ait b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar \u00fczerinde birlikte tasarruf ederler.<\/p>

Miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin istemi \u00fczerine sulh mahkemesi, miras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na payla\u015fmaya kadar bir temsilci atayabilir.<\/p>

Miras\u00e7\u0131lardan her biri, terekedeki haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Sa\u011flanan korumadan miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n hepsi yararlan\u0131r\u2026\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>

Tereke (miras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131) TMK’n\u0131n 701 ve devam eden maddeleri uyar\u0131nca elbirli\u011fi (i\u015ftirak) m\u00fclkiyetine tabidir. El birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti, yasa veya yasada g\u00f6sterilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler uyar\u0131nca, aralar\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 bulunan ki\u015filerin, bu ortakl\u0131k nedeniyle bir mala veya hakka birlikte malik olmalar\u0131 durumudur. TMK’n\u0131n 701-703. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen bu t\u00fcr m\u00fclkiyetin (ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n) t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ortaklardan her birinin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bir hakk\u0131 da bulunmamaktad\u0131r. M\u00fclkiyet, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ortaklar\u0131n hepsine aittir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, ortakl\u0131k tasfiye ile sona erinceye kadar ortaklardan her birinin ayr\u0131 bir mal veya hakk\u0131 olmay\u0131p, hak sahibi ortakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>

El birli\u011fi (i\u015ftirak) h\u00e2linde m\u00fclkiyet t\u00fcr\u00fcnde malikler, m\u00fclkiyet paylar\u0131 ayr\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan payda\u015f de\u011fil, ortakt\u0131r. Bu ilke TMK’n\u0131n 701. maddesinde \u201c…Kanun ve kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler uyar\u0131nca olu\u015fan topluluk dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mallara birlikte malik olanlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti, elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetidir.<\/p>

El birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinde ortaklar\u0131n belirlenmi\u015f paylar\u0131 olmay\u0131p her birinin hakk\u0131, ortakl\u0131\u011fa giren mallar\u0131n tamam\u0131na yayg\u0131nd\u0131r…\u201d bi\u00e7iminde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu itibarla el birli\u011fi (i\u015ftirak) h\u00e2linde m\u00fclkiyette, ortaklar aras\u0131nda zorunlu dava arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yasada veya elbirli\u011fi (i\u015ftirak) h\u00e2linde m\u00fclkiyeti olu\u015fturan anla\u015fmada ortakl\u0131k ad\u0131na hareket etme yetkisinin kime ait olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmemi\u015fse ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tasfiyesini isteme hakk\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm i\u015flemlerde ortaklar\u0131n (i\u015ftirak\u00e7ilerin) oy birli\u011fi ile karar almalar\u0131 ve birlikte hareket etmeleri zorunludur.<\/p>

T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 702\/2. f\u0131kras\u0131, \u201cKanunda veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, gerek y\u00f6netim, gerek tasarruf i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fiyle karar vermeleri gerekir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ne var ki bu kural, uygulamada yumu\u015fat\u0131larak, Yarg\u0131tay B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunun 11.10.1982 tarihli ve 1982\/3-2 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131yla, bir orta\u011f\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na dava a\u00e7abilece\u011fi; ancak, davaya devam edebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6teki ortaklar\u0131n olurlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya miras \u015firketine atanacak temsilci arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla davan\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 702\/4. f\u0131kras\u0131nda da \u201c…ortaklardan her biri, toplulu\u011fa giren haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu korumadan b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar yararlan\u0131r…\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Benzer \u015fekilde TMK’n\u0131n 640. maddesinde de vurgulanan korumadan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenin ne oldu\u011fu da \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK’n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden \u00f6nce elbirli\u011fi ile (i\u015ftirak h\u00e2linde) m\u00fclkiyet 743 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Kanunu Medenisi\u2019nin 581. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Ancak uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan baz\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in yeni d\u00fczenlemede TMK’n\u0131n 640. maddesine \u201cMiras\u00e7\u0131lardan her biri, terekedeki haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Sa\u011flanan korumadan miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n hepsi yararlan\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra eklenmi\u015ftir. Maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, mirasta terekenin tabi oldu\u011fu elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine y\u00f6neltilen en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ele\u015ftiri, birlikte hareket etme zorunda olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bireysel olarak terekedeki haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla hareket edememeleriydi. Maddeye eklenen d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra, bu eksikli\u011fi giderme amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Buna g\u00f6re; ola\u011fan koruma eylemleri ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak onar\u0131mlar, mahsullerin toplanmas\u0131 bozulacak olanlar\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131, acele olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bulunan i\u015flemin yerine getirilmesi ile istihkak, el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, tapu sicilinde hak sahipli\u011finin saptanmas\u0131 gibi taksimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan talepler, ortaklardan her biri taraf\u0131ndan dava yoluyla ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir (Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun (HGK) 20.03.2013 tarihli ve 2012\/8-861 E.,2013\/391 K.; 05.10.2016 tarihli ve 2014\/14-1243 E., 2016\/958 K. say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131).<\/p>

T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 702\/2. maddesinde s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen terekeye ait haklar \u00fczerinde tasarruf s\u00f6z konusu ise, ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fi ile karar vermeleri maddenin a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi oldu\u011fundan, tasarruf i\u015flemi niteli\u011findeki tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 veya terekeye temsilci atanmas\u0131 ve bu yolla davan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekir. Bir miras\u00e7\u0131 t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar ad\u0131na tek ba\u015f\u0131na dava a\u00e7abilirse de, b\u00f6yle bir davay\u0131 yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fctemez. Bu durumda davan\u0131n hemen reddedilmeyip, di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n veya muvafakatlerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ya da terekeye temsilci atanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in davac\u0131ya uygun s\u00fcre verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>

Dava halefiyet esas\u0131na g\u00f6re tereke ad\u0131na de\u011fil de kendi miras pay\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n onay\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bir ya da bir k\u0131s\u0131m miras\u00e7\u0131 terekeye ait bir mal veya alacaktan yaln\u0131z kendi pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in yaln\u0131z kendi ad\u0131na dava a\u00e7arsa, b\u00f6yle bir dava reddedilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bir veya bir k\u0131s\u0131m miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ftirak h\u00e2lindeki pay \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunma yetkisi yoktur. B\u00f6yle bir dava di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n paylar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar ad\u0131na da a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, davaya di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131na (icazet vermesine) olanak yoktur. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, \u00f6teki miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 veya y\u00f6ntemine uygun bi\u00e7imde muvafakatlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131, ya da miras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir m\u00fcmessil tayin edilerek onun huzuru ile davaya devam edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve davan\u0131n reddi gerekir.<\/p>

Ayn\u0131 nedenle, tereke temsilcisi de, bir miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z kendi pay\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu davaya icazet verip davay\u0131 devam ettiremez. Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n yerle\u015fik uygulamas\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bu y\u00f6ndedir (Kuru, Baki: Hukuk Muhakemeleri Usul\u00fc, 6. Bask\u0131 2001, C.1, s. 984 vd)\u201d.<\/p>

Yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klama ve s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kurallarla birlikte somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmazda … ve … 1\/2 \u015fer pay sahibidir. … 13.12.2014 tarihinde vefat etmi\u015f olup miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 …, … ve davac\u0131 …\u2019dir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmazda payda\u015f bulunan …\u2019\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmazdaki pay\u0131n\u0131 27.05.2015 tarihinde daval\u0131ya satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda TMK 732. madde gere\u011fince \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131na sahip olan ve bu hakka dayal\u0131 olarak tapu iptali ve tescil talebinde bulunabilecek olan m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyet pay\u0131 davac\u0131ya ait olmay\u0131p …\u2019a aittir.<\/p>

Ta\u015f\u0131nmazda payda\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnen … \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bulundu\u011fundan terekesi el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabidir. El birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinde miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n birlikte hareket etmesi gerekir. Davac\u0131 kendi miras pay\u0131na dayanarak dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olup tereke ad\u0131na dava a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n muvafakat\u0131 oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmi\u015fse de miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n muvafakat etmesi ancak tereke ad\u0131na dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli ve gereklidir. Tereke ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir dava i\u00e7in di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n muvafakat\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi veya muvafakat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilemez.<\/p>

Davac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazda m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re payda\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. El birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabi payda miras\u00e7\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle hak sahibi olmas\u0131 kendi ad\u0131na \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 vermez. Aksi takdirde payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re payda\u015f bulunmayan kimsenin \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p ad\u0131na pay tescil ettirmesi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olup bu ise \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131n mahiyeti ile ba\u011fda\u015fmaz. B\u00f6yle bir sonu\u00e7 el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile de ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

Davac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kendi ad\u0131na tescili i\u00e7in de\u011fil de tereke ad\u0131na tescili i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n muvafakati sa\u011flanarak a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00f6nal\u0131m davas\u0131n\u0131n dinlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de davac\u0131 bu yola gitmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>

\u00d6nal\u0131m davalar\u0131nda miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kendi ad\u0131na tescili i\u00e7in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalarda di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n buna muvafakat etmesi h\u00e2linde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n dava a\u00e7an payda\u015f ad\u0131na tescilinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde bir uygulama var ise de (\u00d6rnek: Yarg\u0131tay Kpt. 6. Hukuk Dairesinin 04.07.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/5890 Esas, 2005\/7078 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131) el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan ve yukar\u0131da yer verilen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bu uygulamadan d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi ve el birli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine tabi pay i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ancak tereke ad\u0131na kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi sonucunun benimsenmesi gerekir. Yerle\u015fik bir uygulaman\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131 bu uygulaman\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin zorunlu oldu\u011fu gibi bir sonucu gerekli k\u0131lmaz. Zira gerek\u00e7eleri a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131p yasal temellere oturtulduktan sonra yerle\u015fik istikrarl\u0131 uygulamalardan d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi ve Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun yorumlarla yeni bir uygulamaya y\u00f6nelinmesi de her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup bunda da hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince davan\u0131n aktif taraf ehliyeti yoklu\u011fu (husumet) nedeniyle reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru olup direnme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn onanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fumdan bozma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fan de\u011ferli \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lam\u0131yorum.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

asal \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Belirlenmi\u015f,<\/p>\n

3 Ayl\u0131k Hak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcre;<\/p>\n

Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131 Sahibine Al\u0131c\u0131 Veya Sat\u0131c\u0131 Taraf\u0131ndan
\nNoter Marifeti \u0130le Bildirildi\u011fi Tarihten \u0130tibaren
\n\u0130\u015flemeye Ba\u015flar.
\n(Hak Sahibinin, Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 Ba\u015fka Bir \u015eekilde \u00d6\u011frenmi\u015f Olmas\u0131 Ba\u015flamas\u0131na Yol A\u00e7maz) <\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[871,636],"tags":[1002],"yoast_head":"\nYarg\u0131tay HGK., E.2019\/739, K.2022\/577; - Kurçalo\u011flu Hukuk & Partners<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yasal \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Belirlenmi\u015f,3 Ayl\u0131k Hak D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc S\u00fcre;Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00d6nal\u0131m Hakk\u0131 Sahibine Al\u0131c\u0131 Veya Sat\u0131c\u0131 Taraf\u0131ndanNoter Marifeti \u0130le Bildirildi\u011fi Tarihten \u0130tibaren\u0130\u015flemeye Ba\u015flar.(Hak Sahibinin, Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 Ba\u015fka Bir \u015eekilde \u00d6\u011frenmi\u015f Olmas\u0131 Ba\u015flamas\u0131na Yol A\u00e7maz)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kurcaloglu.com\/fr\/yargitay-hgk-e-2019-739-k-2022-577\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yarg\u0131tay HGK., E.2019\/739, K.2022\/577; 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